Onomatopoeia :]

Definition:  the formation of a word ,means sounds that suggests meaning

Significance: help readers get a vision of what is described in the story

Example:

Crack an Egg
Crack an egg.
Stir the butter.
Break the yolk.
Make it flutter.
Stoke the heat.
Hear it sizzle.
Shake the salt,
just a drizzle.
Flip it over,
just like that.
Press it down.
Squeeze it flat.
Pop the toast.
Spread jam thin.
Say the word.
Breakfast's in .

by Denise Rodgers

Assonance :]

Definition: a refrain of vowel sounds to create rhythm

Significance: connect different points and add music to the poem

Example:

Bells

By Edgar Allan Poe

Hear the mellow wedding bells,

Golden bells!

What a world of happiness their harmony foretells!

Through the balmy air of night

How they ring out their delight!

From the molten-golden notes,

And an in tune,

What a liquid ditty floats

To the turtle-dove that listens, while she gloats

From the fourth stanza:

What a world of solemn thought their monody compels!

In the silence of the night,

How we shiver with affright

At the melancholy menace of their tone!

For every sound that floats

From the rust within their throats

Is a groan.

Alliteration :]

Definition: Repetition of consonant and vowel in words those are close together

Significance: to create mood and make music to emphasize something

Example:

KATY'S KITCHEN
Katy is a kind-hearted kinswoman
with kneecaps knurled and knobbly, 
She keeps her kitchen (for kinsfolks
come knocking) kinda kooky and kinky- 
 With knick-knacks, kits, kettles, knives,
kumquats, kale, kebabs and kedgeree,
Ketchup, kippers, ketupat, kringle,
keftedes, kiwi, kingfish and kimchee.

Meter :]

Definition:  is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse

Significance: Meter brings feelings and emotions to readers while reading. It also makes a poem has tone and rhyme. It makes the poem interesting to read.

Example:

Anapestic Tetrameter
from "The Destruction of Sennacherib," by George Gordon Lord Byron

........1.......................2..........................3......................4
The As SYR..|..ian came DOWN..|..like the WOLF..|..on the FOLD,
........1.......................2..........................3....................4
And his CO..|..horts were GLEAM..|..ing in PUR..|..ple and GOLD; 
.........1.........................2.............................3.......................4
And the SHEEN..|..of their SPEARS..|..was like STARS..|..on the SEA 

P/s: if you want to know more, click this website , http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/xmeter.html

Elegy :]

Definition: a mournful and thoughtful poem, a poem dealing with things of loss, of death, and sad things

Significance: express sorrow for someone who has died

Example:

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
by
Thomas Gray

The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.

Couplet :]

Definition: a pair lines of verse, especially a pair that rhyme and are of the same length

Significance: helps links ideas in a poem. The rhyme usually written at the end of the sentence.

Example:

My friend has eyes like mud.

He always chews his cud.

Rhyme :]

Definition: be similar in sound, especially with respect to the last syllable or Words with ending rhyme have the same final vowel sound and following consonant sound(s)

Significance: It’s important to include rhyme because it sounds fun. The words make the audience interested to the poem. Rhymes usually for kids poems than hardcore adult poems.

Example:

Sweet Spring

When the gloomy gray sky turns to clear azure blue,
And the snow disappears from the ground,
When the birds start to sing, and our moods start to lift,
Then we know Spring is coming around.

When the first flower bulbs poke their heads toward the sun,
Golden daffodils, hyacinths, too;
When the brown grass turns green, and the wildflowers bloom,
Then sweet Spring makes its showy debut.

Once again we awake from cold winter's pale dream,
As our minds and our bodies revive;
We rejoice and delight in spring’s colorful sight;
Each new spring makes us glad we’re alive!

By Joanna Fuchs